taller cartografía gaza-rafah

Guy Debord, Asger Jorn, 1957, Naked City (psicogeografía urbana)

Referencias:

Eyal Weizman, 2007, Caminar atravesando muros, en: http://eipcp.net/transversal/0507/weizman/es

2006, The Art of War. Deleuze, Guattari, Debord and the Israeli Defense Force, en: http://info.interactivist.net/node/5324

The Israeli Defence Forces have been heavily influenced by contemporary philosophy, highlighting the fact that there is considerable overlap among theoretical texts deemed essential by military academies and architectural schools

… During the battle soldiers moved within the city across hundreds of metres of ‘overground tunnels’ carved out through a dense and contiguous urban structure. Although several thousand soldiers and Palestinian guerrillas were manoeuvring simultaneously in the city, they were so ‘saturated’ into the urban fabric that very few would have been visible from the air. Furthermore, they used none of the city’s streets, roads, alleys or courtyards, or any of the external doors, internal stairwells and windows, but moved horizontally through walls and vertically through holes blasted in ceilings and floors. This form of movement, described by the military as ‘infestation’, seeks to redefine inside as outside, and domestic interiors as thoroughfares. The IDF’s strategy of ‘walking through walls’ involves a conception of the city as not just the site but also the very medium of warfare – a flexible, almost liquid medium that is forever contingent and in flux.

Contemporary military theorists are now busy re-conceptualizing the urban domain…

(Weizman, p:1).

Dromology; wall and Tower / Dromología; muro y torre

Referencia:

Sharon Rotbard, 2003, Wall and Tower, en: Eyal Weizman, Rafi Segal (editores), 2003, A Civilian Occupation. The Politics of Israeli Architecture, Verso, Londres, pp: 52-53

Sharon Rotbard, 2006, Wall and Tower, en: Philipp Misselwitz, Tom Rieniets, 2006, City of Colision. Jerusalem and the Principles of Conflict Urbanism, Birkhäuser, Zurich, pp: 102-112

… the two essential functions of Homa Umigdal – fortification and observation – held fast and repeated themselves on every scale. They dictated the location of the new settlements on the mountain peaks and hilltops. They molded the entire landscape as a network of points, as an autonomous layer spread above the existing landscape, transforming the country by dividing it, not according to natural, territorial divisions, but according to dromological divisions, according to the speed of transportation and the lines of infrastructure. Thus in the Occupied Territories today we find two countries superimposed on on the other: on top, ‘Judea and Samaria’, the land settlements and military outposts, bypass roads and tunnels; and underneath, ‘Palestine’, the land of villages and towns, dirt roads and paths. Ultimately, the essence of Homa Umigdal had a decisive influence on the ways Israelis perceive the space in which they live, which in turn maps out the values themselves: the observers versus the observed, a Cartesian ghetto versus a chaotic periphery, a threatened culture versus ‘desert makers’ (in the words of Ben-Gurion), city versus desert, future and past versus present, Jews versus Arabs.

Homa Umigdal initiated an original tradition of local Trojan horses, machines of infiltration and other types of ambulatory, temporary, political and hyperactive objects: the tent in the outpost and the mobile home in the settlements. These banal objects are ostentatious not because of the way they look, but rather because of the outward display of their potential for mobility, expansion and transformation; because they threaten to transform the temporary into the quotidian, the quotidian into the permanent and the permanent into the eternal; because of the way they represent all these possibilities in the landscape in order to transform the land itself into an arena of struggle and power.

The Mountain; territorios panópticos

Referencia

Rafi Segal, Eyal Weizman, 2002, The Mountain. Principles of Building in Heights, en: Eyal Weizman, Rafi Segal (editores), 2003, A Civilian Occupation. The Politics of Israeli Architecture, Verso, Londres, pp: 80-93

The Vertical Perspective, Optical Planning, The Horizontal Panorama

The West Bank settlement project (initiated in 1977) can be seen as the culmination of Zionism’s journey from the plains to the hills (p:80).

El proyecto de asentamiento en el West Bank (a partir de 1977) puede verse como la culminación del viaje del sionismo desde las llanuras a las colinas (p: 80).

A partir de esta fecha se inicia un proyecto de dominación espacial por a través de la reterritorialización, cuyo aspecto principal, según Weizman y Segal, es la ocupación y construcción de las cimas de las colinas distribuidas por todo el West Bank. Estos autores aprecian cuatro escalas en la ocupación de las colinas, que se deducen de las normas oficiales para su construcción y del estudio de casos. 1/ A escala regional, la ocupación de las colinas establece un red territorial que rodea y divide las poblaciones palestinas así como controlando y conectándose a las vías de comunicación rápida de uso exclusivo israelí. 2/ A escala local, de la topografía, la apropiación de los lugares elevados permite el control visual de las poblaciones palestinas ubicadas en las laderas y valles agrícolas. 3/ A escala urbanística, la ordenación siguiendo las líneas de nivel, concéntrica y escalonada del viario y la edificación compatibiliza la visión perimetral del exterior y la visión comunitaria hacia el interior. 4/ Finalmente, a escala arquitectónica, integrada en la distribución y la orientación de las habitaciones, y huecos, integra la militarización (panopticismo) en los usos domésticos tradicionales.

La forma de los asentamientos de montaña se construye de acuerdo con las leyes de un sistema geométrico que une la eficacia de la mirada con al del orden espacial, produciendo así lineas de visión que funcionan para conseguir diferentes formas de poder: estratégico en su supervisión de las arterias de comunicación rodada; controladora en su supervisión de los pueblos y aldeas palestinas, y auto-defensiva en la supervisión de su entorno inmediato y carreteras de aproximación. Los asentamientos, en efecto, se convierten en dispositivos ópticos (panópticos), diseñados para ejercer control a través de la supervisión y la vigilancia. (p: 86)

Indeed, the form of the mountain settlements is constructed according to the laws of a geometric system that unites the effectiveness of sight with that of spatial order, thereby producing sight-lines that function to achieve different forms of power: strategic in its overlooking od main traffic arteries, controlling in its overlooking of Palestinian towns and villages, and self-defensive in its overlooking of its immediate surroundings and approach roads. Settlements become, in effect, optical devices (panopticons) designed to exercise control through supervision and surveillance. (p:86)